ALR - Business and Economics

The assumed background includes basic mathematical knowledge of the following topics:

• Algebraic calculation (literal algebra, monomials, polynomials: operations, factorization, notable products, and division).
• First and second degree algebraic equations and inequalities.
• Fractional, irrational, absolute value, logarithmic and exponential rational equations and inequalities of first and second degree in one variable. 
• Systems of equations and inequalities.
• Cartesian coordinates. Elementary geometry in the plane (straight line, circle, ellipse, parabola, hyberbola). 
• Graphs and domain of elementary functions.
   

The Additional Learning Requirements (ALRs) of mathematics are assigned to: 

• Students who achieve a score lower than the established threshold in the CEnT-S test. For the academic year 2026-27, this threshold is set at 11 (normalized score) in the “Mathematics” section of the CEnT-S. 
• Students who have not taken the CEnT-S test. 
• Students who enrol late and either have not taken the CEnT-S or have taken it by obtaining a score lower than the fixed threshold in the “Mathematics” section of the CEnT-S, i.e. lower than 11 points (normalized score). 

Students with ALRs in mathematics assigned can enrol in the first year of the Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Business and Economics but they are required to recover these ALRs, as explained below. 

The ALRs in mathematics will be assigned to students at the end of October 2026 and will be recorded in the student transcript as “Additional Learning Requirements of Mathematics”. 

The courses of the Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Business and Economics that are blocked by the Additional Learning Requirements (ALR) in Mathematics are listed in the following table.